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36th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2014), May 31 – June 7, 2014, Hyderabad, India

ICSE 2014 – Proceedings

 Contents - Abstracts - Authors
Online Calendar - iCal File
Twitter: https://twitter.com/ICSEconf

Frontmatter

Title Page
Message from the Chairs
Committees
Sponsors

Technical Research

Perspectives on Software Engineering
Wed, Jun 4, 10:30 - 12:30, Hall 3 (Chair: Audris Mockus )

Cowboys, Ankle Sprains, and Keepers of Quality: How Is Video Game Development Different from Software Development?
Emerson Murphy-Hill, Thomas Zimmermann, and Nachiappan Nagappan
(North Carolina State University, USA; Microsoft Research, USA)
ACM Distinguished Paper
Analyze This! 145 Questions for Data Scientists in Software Engineering
Andrew Begel and Thomas Zimmermann
(Microsoft Research, USA)
Info
The Dimensions of Software Engineering Success
Paul Ralph and Paul Kelly
(Lancaster University, UK)
How Do Professionals Perceive Legacy Systems and Software Modernization?
Ravi Khadka, Belfrit V. Batlajery, Amir M. Saeidi, Slinger Jansen, and Jurriaan Hage
(Utrecht University, Netherlands)

Testing 1
Wed, Jun 4, 10:30 - 12:30, MR.G.1-3 (Chair: Paolo Tonella)

SimRT: An Automated Framework to Support Regression Testing for Data Races
Tingting Yu, Witawas Srisa-an, and Gregg Rothermel
(University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA)
Performance Regression Testing Target Prioritization via Performance Risk Analysis
Peng Huang, Xiao Ma, Dongcai Shen, and Yuanyuan Zhou
(University of California at San Diego, USA; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA)
Video Info
Code Coverage for Suite Evaluation by Developers
Rahul Gopinath, Carlos Jensen, and Alex Groce
(Oregon State University, USA)
Time Pressure: A Controlled Experiment of Test Case Development and Requirements Review
Mika V. Mäntylä, Kai Petersen, Timo O. A. Lehtinen, and Casper Lassenius
(Aalto University, Finland; Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden)
Info

Modeling
Wed, Jun 4, 10:30 - 12:30, Hall 2 (Chair: Joanne Atlee)

Verifying Component and Connector Models against Crosscutting Structural Views
Shahar Maoz, Jan Oliver Ringert, and Bernhard Rumpe
(Tel Aviv University, Israel; RWTH Aachen University, Germany)
TradeMaker: Automated Dynamic Analysis of Synthesized Tradespaces
Hamid Bagheri, Chong Tang, and Kevin Sullivan
(George Mason University, USA; University of Virginia, USA)
Lifting Model Transformations to Product Lines
Rick Salay, Michalis Famelis, Julia Rubin, Alessio Di Sandro, and Marsha Chechik
(University of Toronto, Canada)
Automated Goal Operationalisation Based on Interpolation and SAT Solving
Renzo Degiovanni, Dalal Alrajeh, Nazareno Aguirre, and Sebastian Uchitel
(Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Argentina; Imperial College London, UK; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Video

Configuration, Variability, and Clones
Wed, Jun 4, 10:30 - 12:30, MR.1.1-2 (Chair: Katsuro Inoue)

Mining Configuration Constraints: Static Analyses and Empirical Results
Sarah Nadi, Thorsten Berger, Christian Kästner, and Krzysztof Czarnecki
(University of Waterloo, Canada; IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Carnegie Mellon University, USA)
Info
Which Configuration Option Should I Change?
Sai Zhang and Michael D. Ernst
(University of Washington, USA)
Detecting Differences across Multiple Instances of Code Clones
Yun Lin, Zhenchang Xing, Yinxing Xue, Yang Liu, Xin Peng, Jun Sun, and Wenyun Zhao
(Fudan University, China; Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore)
Achieving Accuracy and Scalability Simultaneously in Detecting Application Clones on Android Markets
Kai Chen, Peng Liu, and Yingjun Zhang
(Pennsylvania State University, USA; Institute of Information Engineering at Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Institute of Software at Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)

Social Aspects of Software Engineering
Wed, Jun 4, 14:00 - 16:00, Hall 2 (Chair: Christian Bird)

Two's Company, Three's a Crowd: A Case Study of Crowdsourcing Software Development
Klaas-Jan Stol and Brian Fitzgerald
(Lero, Ireland; University of Limerick, Ireland)
Info
Does Latitude Hurt while Longitude Kills? Geographical and Temporal Separation in a Large Scale Software Development Project
Patrick Wagstrom and Subhajit Datta
(IBM Research, USA; Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore)
Software Engineering at the Speed of Light: How Developers Stay Current using Twitter
Leif Singer, Fernando Figueira Filho, and Margaret-Anne Storey
(University of Victoria, Canada; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil)
Info
Building It Together: Synchronous Development in OSS
Qi Xuan and Vladimir Filkov
(Zhejiang University of Technology, China; University of California at Davis, USA)

Repair
Wed, Jun 4, 14:00 - 16:00, MR.G.1-3 (Chair: Mark Harman)

A Critical Review of "Automatic Patch Generation Learned from Human-Written Patches": Essay on the Problem Statement and the Evaluation of Automatic Software Repair
Martin Monperrus
(University of Lille, France; INRIA, France)
Data-Guided Repair of Selection Statements
Divya Gopinath, Sarfraz Khurshid, Diptikalyan Saha, and Satish Chandra
(University of Texas at Austin, USA; IBM Research, India; Samsung Electronics, USA)
The Strength of Random Search on Automated Program Repair
Yuhua Qi, Xiaoguang Mao, Yan Lei, Ziying Dai, and Chengsong Wang
(National University of Defense Technology, China)
MintHint: Automated Synthesis of Repair Hints
Shalini Kaleeswaran, Varun Tulsian, Aditya Kanade, and Alessandro Orso
(Indian Institute of Science, India; Georgia Tech, USA)
Video

Formal Analysis
Wed, Jun 4, 14:00 - 16:00, MR.1.1-2 (Chair: Vittorio Cortellessa)

Mining Behavior Models from User-Intensive Web Applications
Carlo Ghezzi, Mauro Pezzè, Michele Sama, and Giordano Tamburrelli
(Politecnico di Milano, Italy; University of Lugano, Switzerland; Touchtype, UK)
Reviser: Efficiently Updating IDE-/IFDS-Based Data-Flow Analyses in Response to Incremental Program Changes
Steven Arzt and Eric Bodden
(TU Darmstadt, Germany; Fraunhofer SIT, Germany)
Info
Automated Design of Self-Adaptive Software with Control-Theoretical Formal Guarantees
Antonio Filieri, Henry Hoffmann, and Martina Maggio
(University of Stuttgart, Germany; University of Chicago, USA; Lund University, Sweden)
Perturbation Analysis of Stochastic Systems with Empirical Distribution Parameters
Guoxin Su and David S. Rosenblum
(National University of Singapore, Singapore)

Configuration Management
Wed, Jun 4, 16:30 - 18:30, Hall 3 (Chair: Leonardo Murta)

How Do Centralized and Distributed Version Control Systems Impact Software Changes?
Caius Brindescu, Mihai Codoban, Sergii Shmarkatiuk, and Danny Dig
(Oregon State University, USA)
Info
Transition from Centralized to Decentralized Version Control Systems: A Case Study on Reasons, Barriers, and Outcomes
Kıvanç Muşlu, Christian Bird, Nachiappan Nagappan, and Jacek Czerwonka
(University of Washington, USA; Microsoft Research, USA; Microsoft, USA)
An Exploratory Study of the Pull-Based Software Development Model
Georgios Gousios, Martin Pinzger, and Arie van Deursen
(Delft University of Technology, Netherlands; University of Klagenfurt, Austria)
Influence of Social and Technical Factors for Evaluating Contribution in GitHub
Jason Tsay, Laura Dabbish, and James Herbsleb
(Carnegie Mellon University, USA)

Software Understanding
Wed, Jun 4, 16:30 - 18:30, MR.G.1-3 (Chair: Margaret M. Burnett)

Understanding JavaScript Event-Based Interactions
Saba Alimadadi, Sheldon Sequeira, Ali Mesbah, and Karthik Pattabiraman
(University of British Columbia, Canada)
ACM Distinguished Paper
Understanding Understanding Source Code with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Janet Siegmund, Christian Kästner, Sven Apel, Chris Parnin, Anja Bethmann, Thomas Leich, Gunter Saake, and André Brechmann
(University of Passau, Germany; Carnegie Mellon University, USA; Georgia Tech, USA; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Germany; Metop Research Institute, Germany; University of Magdeburg, Germany)
Improving Automated Source Code Summarization via an Eye-Tracking Study of Programmers
Paige Rodeghero, Collin McMillan, Paul W. McBurney, Nigel Bosch, and Sidney D'Mello
(University of Notre Dame, USA)
ACM Distinguished Paper
Using Psycho-Physiological Measures to Assess Task Difficulty in Software Development
Thomas Fritz, Andrew Begel, Sebastian C. Müller, Serap Yigit-Elliott, and Manuela Züger
(University of Zurich, Switzerland; Microsoft Research, USA; Exponent, USA)

Prediction
Wed, Jun 4, 16:30 - 18:30, Hall 2 (Chair: Per Runeson)

Dictionary Learning Based Software Defect Prediction
Xiao-Yuan Jing, Shi Ying, Zhi-Wu Zhang, Shan-Shan Wu, and Jin Liu
(Wuhan University, China; Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China)
Comparing Static Bug Finders and Statistical Prediction
Foyzur Rahman, Sameer Khatri, Earl T. Barr, and Premkumar Devanbu
(University of California at Davis, USA; University College London, UK)
Coverage Is Not Strongly Correlated with Test Suite Effectiveness
Laura Inozemtseva and Reid Holmes
(University of Waterloo, Canada)
Video Info ACM Distinguished Paper
How to Make Best Use of Cross-Company Data in Software Effort Estimation?
Leandro L. Minku and Xin Yao
(University of Birmingham, UK)

Concurrency
Wed, Jun 4, 16:30 - 18:30, MR.1.1-2 (Chair: Henry Muccini)

CARE: Cache Guided Deterministic Replay for Concurrent Java Programs
Yanyan Jiang, Tianxiao Gu, Chang Xu, Xiaoxing Ma, and Jian Lu
(Nanjing University, China)
Inferring Models of Concurrent Systems from Logs of Their Behavior with CSight
Ivan Beschastnikh, Yuriy Brun, Michael D. Ernst, and Arvind Krishnamurthy
(University of British Columbia, Canada; University of Massachusetts, USA; University of Washington, USA)
Info
Unleashing Concurrency for Irregular Data Structures
Peng Liu and Charles Zhang
(Wuhan University, China; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China)
ConLock: A Constraint-Based Approach to Dynamic Checking on Deadlocks in Multithreaded Programs
Yan Cai, Shangru Wu, and W. K. Chan
(City University of Hong Kong, China)

Apps and Energy
Thu, Jun 5, 10:30 - 12:30, Hall 3 (Chair: Massimiliano Di Penta)

SEEDS: A Software Engineer's Energy-Optimization Decision Support Framework
Irene Manotas, Lori Pollock, and James Clause
(University of Delaware, USA)
APE: An Annotation Language and Middleware for Energy-Efficient Mobile Application Development
Nima Nikzad, Octav Chipara, and William G. Griswold
(University of California at San Diego, USA; University of Iowa, USA)
Making Web Applications More Energy Efficient for OLED Smartphones
Ding Li, Angelica Huyen Tran, and William G. J. Halfond
(University of Southern California, USA)

Testing 2
Thu, Jun 5, 10:30 - 12:30, Hall 1 (Chair: Phil McMinn)

Micro Execution
Patrice Godefroid
(Microsoft Research, USA)
Unit Test Virtualization with VMVM
Jonathan Bell and Gail Kaiser
(Columbia University, USA)
Info ACM Distinguished Paper
Interpolated N-Grams for Model Based Testing
Paolo Tonella, Roberto Tiella, and Cu Duy Nguyen
(Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Italy; University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg)
Video
An Analysis of the Relationship between Conditional Entropy and Failed Error Propagation in Software Testing
Kelly Androutsopoulos, David Clark, Haitao Dan, Robert M. Hierons, and Mark Harman
(Middlesex University, UK; University College London, UK; Brunel University, UK)

Code Contracts, Invariants, and Robustness
Thu, Jun 5, 10:30 - 12:30, Hall 2 (Chair: Andreas Zeller)

Trading Robustness for Maintainability: An Empirical Study of Evolving C# Programs
Nélio Cacho, Thiago César, Thomas Filipe, Eliezio Soares, Arthur Cassio, Rafael Souza, Israel Garcia, Eiji Adachi Barbosa, and Alessandro Garcia
(Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; PUC-Rio, Brazil)
ACM Distinguished Paper
Case Studies and Tools for Contract Specifications
Todd W. Schiller, Kellen Donohue, Forrest Coward, and Michael D. Ernst
(University of Washington, USA)
Info
Using Dynamic Analysis to Generate Disjunctive Invariants
ThanhVu Nguyen, Deepak Kapur, Westley Weimer, and Stephanie Forrest
(University of New Mexico, USA; University of Virginia, USA)
Inductive Verification of Data Model Invariants for Web Applications
Ivan Bocić and Tevfik Bultan
(University of California at Santa Barbara, USA)

Search and APIs
Thu, Jun 5, 14:00 - 16:00, Hall 1 (Chair: Yuriy Brun)

How Do API Documentation and Static Typing Affect API Usability?
Stefan Endrikat, Stefan Hanenberg, Romain Robbes, and Andreas Stefik
(University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; University of Chile, Chile; University of Nevada at Las Vegas, USA)
Live API Documentation
Siddharth Subramanian, Laura Inozemtseva, and Reid Holmes
(University of Waterloo, Canada)
Video Info
CodeHint: Dynamic and Interactive Synthesis of Code Snippets
Joel Galenson, Philip Reames, Rastislav Bodik, Björn Hartmann, and Koushik Sen
(University of California at Berkeley, USA)
Video Info Awarded as Prof. R. Narasimhan Lecture
Spotting Working Code Examples
Iman Keivanloo, Juergen Rilling, and Ying Zou
(Queen's University, Canada; Concordia University, Canada)

Adaptive Systems
Thu, Jun 5, 14:00 - 16:00, Hall 2 (Chair: Sam Malek)

Self-Adaptation through Incremental Generative Model Transformations at Runtime
Bihuan Chen, Xin Peng, Yijun Yu, Bashar Nuseibeh, and Wenyun Zhao
(Fudan University, China; Open University, UK; University of Limerick, Ireland)
Hope for the Best, Prepare for the Worst: Multi-tier Control for Adaptive Systems
Nicolas D'Ippolito, Víctor Braberman, Jeff Kramer, Jeff Magee, Daniel Sykes, and Sebastian Uchitel
(Imperial College London, UK; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Video
Brownout: Building More Robust Cloud Applications
Cristian Klein, Martina Maggio, Karl-Erik Årzén, and Francisco Hernández-Rodriguez
(Umeå University, Sweden; Lund University, Sweden)
Info
Integrating Adaptive User Interface Capabilities in Enterprise Applications
Pierre A. Akiki, Arosha K. Bandara, and Yijun Yu
(Open University, UK)
Video Info

Build and Package Management
Thu, Jun 5, 16:30 - 18:30, Hall 1 (Chair: Arie van Deursen)

Programmers' Build Errors: A Case Study (at Google)
Hyunmin Seo, Caitlin Sadowski, Sebastian Elbaum, Edward Aftandilian, and Robert Bowdidge
(Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China; Google, USA; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA)
Understanding and Improving Software Build Teams
Shaun Phillips, Thomas Zimmermann, and Christian Bird
(University of Calgary, Canada; Microsoft Research, USA)
Towards Efficient Optimization in Package Management Systems
Alexey Ignatiev, Mikoláš Janota, and Joao Marques-Silva
(INESC-ID, Portugal; University College Dublin, Ireland)
Easing Software Component Repository Evolution
Jérôme Vouillon, Mehdi Dogguy, and Roberto Di Cosmo
(University Paris Diderot, France; CNRS, France; EDF, France; Debian, France; INRIA, France)
Info

Mining
Thu, Jun 5, 16:30 - 18:30, Hall 2 (Chair: Premkumar Devanbu)

AR-Miner: Mining Informative Reviews for Developers from Mobile App Marketplace
Ning Chen, Jialiu Lin, Steven C. H. Hoi, Xiaokui Xiao, and Boshen Zhang
(Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Carnegie Mellon University, USA)
Mining Billions of AST Nodes to Study Actual and Potential Usage of Java Language Features
Robert Dyer, Hridesh Rajan, Hoan Anh Nguyen, and Tien N. Nguyen
(Iowa State University, USA)
Info
Mining Interprocedural, Data-Oriented Usage Patterns in JavaScript Web Applications
Hung Viet Nguyen, Hoan Anh Nguyen, Anh Tuan Nguyen, and Tien N. Nguyen
(Iowa State University, USA)
Mining Fine-Grained Code Changes to Detect Unknown Change Patterns
Stas Negara, Mihai Codoban, Danny Dig, and Ralph E. Johnson
(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Oregon State University, USA)

Automated Bug Detection and Repair
Thu, Jun 5, 16:30 - 18:30, MR.G.1-3 (Chair: Tim Menzies)

Detecting Memory Leaks through Introspective Dynamic Behavior Modeling using Machine Learning
Sangho Lee, Changhee Jung, and Santosh Pande
(Georgia Tech, USA; Virginia Tech, USA)
Automated Memory Leak Detection for Production Use
Changhee Jung, Sangho Lee, Easwaran Raman, and Santosh Pande
(Virginia Tech, USA; Georgia Tech, USA; Google, USA)
Vejovis: Suggesting Fixes for JavaScript Faults
Frolin S. Ocariza, Jr., Karthik Pattabiraman, and Ali Mesbah
(University of British Columbia, Canada)
Is Spreadsheet Ambiguity Harmful? Detecting and Repairing Spreadsheet Smells due to Ambiguous Computation
Wensheng Dou, Shing-Chi Cheung, and Jun Wei
(Institute of Software at Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China)

Requirements
Fri, Jun 6, 10:30 - 12:30, MR.G.1-3 (Chair: Daniel Amyot)

Us and Them: A Study of Privacy Requirements Across North America, Asia, and Europe
Swapneel Sheth, Gail Kaiser, and Walid Maalej
(Columbia University, USA; University of Hamburg, Germany)
Distilling Privacy Requirements for Mobile Applications
Keerthi Thomas, Arosha K. Bandara, Blaine A. Price, and Bashar Nuseibeh
(Open University, UK; University of Limerick, Ireland)
Uncertainty, Risk, and Information Value in Software Requirements and Architecture
Emmanuel Letier, David Stefan, and Earl T. Barr
(University College London, UK)
Requirements Fixation
Rahul Mohanani, Paul Ralph, and Ben Shreeve
(Lancaster University, UK)
Video

Testing and Conformance Verification
Fri, Jun 6, 10:30 - 12:30, Hall 1 (Chair: Alessandro Orso)

Exploring Variability-Aware Execution for Testing Plugin-Based Web Applications
Hung Viet Nguyen, Christian Kästner, and Tien N. Nguyen
(Iowa State University, USA; Carnegie Mellon University, USA)
A Study of Equivalent and Stubborn Mutation Operators using Human Analysis of Equivalence
Xiangjuan Yao, Mark Harman, and Yue Jia
(China University of Mining and Technology, China; University College London, UK)
Info
Cross-Checking Oracles from Intrinsic Software Redundancy
Antonio Carzaniga, Alberto Goffi, Alessandra Gorla, Andrea Mattavelli, and Mauro Pezzè
(University of Lugano, Switzerland; Saarland University, Germany; University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy)
Video
Mind the Gap: Assessing the Conformance of Software Traceability to Relevant Guidelines
Patrick Rempel, Patrick Mäder, Tobias Kuschke, and Jane Cleland-Huang
(TU Ilmenau, Germany; DePaul University, USA)
Video

Modeling and Interfaces
Fri, Jun 6, 10:30 - 12:30, MR.1.3-4 (Chair: Sven Apel)

Effects of Using Examples on Structural Model Comprehension: A Controlled Experiment
Dina Zayan, Michał Antkiewicz, and Krzysztof Czarnecki
(University of Waterloo, Canada)
Info
Design Rule Spaces: A New Form of Architecture Insight
Lu Xiao, Yuanfang Cai, and Rick Kazman
(Drexel University, USA; University of Hawaii, USA; SEI, USA)
Controlled Modeling Environment using Flexibly-Formatted Spreadsheets
Hisashi Miyashita, Hideki Tai, and Shunichi Amano
(Cybernet Systems, Japan; IBM Research, Japan)
Feature Maintenance with Emergent Interfaces
Márcio Ribeiro, Paulo Borba, and Christian Kästner
(Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil; Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil; Carnegie Mellon University, USA)
Info

Apps and Verification
Fri, Jun 6, 14:00 - 16:00, MR.G.1-3 (Chair: Luciano Baresi)

Detecting Performance Anti-patterns for Applications Developed using Object-Relational Mapping
Parminder Flora, Weiyi Shang, Zhen Ming Jiang, and Ahmed E. Hassan
(Queen's University, Canada; York University, Canada; BlackBerry, Canada)
Characterizing and Detecting Performance Bugs for Smartphone Applications
Yepang Liu, Chang Xu, and Shing-Chi Cheung
(Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China; Nanjing University, China)
Info ACM Distinguished Paper
Checking App Behavior Against App Descriptions
Alessandra Gorla, Ilaria Tavecchia, Florian Gross, and Andreas Zeller
(Saarland University, Germany)
AsDroid: Detecting Stealthy Behaviors in Android Applications by User Interface and Program Behavior Contradiction
Jianjun Huang, Xiangyu Zhang, Lin Tan, Peng Wang, and Bin Liang
(Purdue University, USA; University of Waterloo, Canada; Renmin University of China, China)

Symbolic Execution
Fri, Jun 6, 14:00 - 16:00, Hall 1 (Chair: Michael Whalen)

Patch Verification via Multiversion Interprocedural Control Flow Graphs
Wei Le and Shannon D. Pattison
(Rochester Institute of Technology, USA)
Property Differencing for Incremental Checking
Guowei Yang, Sarfraz Khurshid, Suzette Person, and Neha Rungta
(Texas State University, USA; University of Texas at Austin, USA; NASA Langley Research Center, USA; NASA Ames Research Center, USA)
Symbolic Assume-Guarantee Reasoning through BDD Learning
Fei He, Bow-Yaw Wang, Liangze Yin, and Lei Zhu
(Tsinghua University, China; Academia Sinica, Taiwan)
Enhancing Symbolic Execution with Veritesting
Thanassis Avgerinos, Alexandre Rebert, Sang Kil Cha, and David Brumley
(Carnegie Mellon University, USA)
ACM Distinguished Paper

Refactoring and Reverse Engineering
Fri, Jun 6, 14:00 - 16:00, MR.1.3-4 (Chair: Miryung Kim)

Manual Refactoring Changes with Automated Refactoring Validation
Xi Ge and Emerson Murphy-Hill
(North Carolina State University, USA)
Alternate Refactoring Paths Reveal Usability Problems
Mohsen Vakilian and Ralph E. Johnson
(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA)
Info
A Study and Toolkit for Asynchronous Programming in C#
Semih Okur, David L. Hartveld, Danny Dig, and Arie van Deursen
(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Delft University of Technology, Netherlands; Oregon State University, USA)
Info ACM Distinguished Paper
Reuse-Oriented Reverse Engineering of Functional Components from X86 Binaries
Dohyeong Kim, William N. Sumner, Xiangyu Zhang, Dongyan Xu, and Hira Agrawal
(Purdue University, USA; Simon Fraser University, Canada; Applied Communications Sciences, USA)

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